Esthetic is a natural necessity among all human beings, and the reconstruction of the natural features of prosthesis is considered an important aspect in dentistry. Reconstruction of the natural features in removable prosthesis by characterization of denture base is one of the most important factors. In this regard esthetic, in removable prostheses, is achieved through different techniques such as: tooth selection and arrangement, designing the denture base and acrylic base color. The final goal for all these effects is to achieve a natural appearance for denture. However, other factors such as treatment limitations, different personal needs and general health principles, should be taken into consideration. This article not only reviews the natural appearance of oral mucosa that is replaced by the denture base, but also discusses about the materials used in tinting acrylic denture base and their application techniques.

The broad financial research and unusual phenomena and exceptions in the stock market and investment decision making that common models in modern investment theories failed to represent them, was caused researchers is led to behavioral theories.Technical analyses as a method to analyze stock which was arised by Dow pays attention to the trend of prices to decision making and investing and has offered a key and practical solution to evaluation and to gain returns in short term, however for a weakness in scientific base, it doesn’t have an academic fundament. In the late past decade the new branch of finance that is a composition of psychological and social theories with finance theories has been born and could be a new base for the technical analyses. In this paper some behavioral finance theories which is related to assumptions of the technical analyses, like Prospect Theory, Accessibility, Salience Loss Aversion and Regret theory, is suggested and analyzed and on this base, the paper present a behavioral modeling framework which examines the existence of unusual noisy investors in Tehran Exchange Stock. The existence such a noise in the market is caused that behavioral modeling would be proper case to analyze stock and to predict the trend of market prices. The results show evidence from existence of predictable trends related to behavioral finance in Tehran Exchange Stock that can prove the appropriate prediction behavioral models in the market and presents a sound defensible base to technical analyses in Iranian stock market.

This study, using conditional turbulence method, investigates the factors affecting on instability index in base metals industry sector of Tehran Stock Exchange. For this purpose, monthly data from April 2009 to April 2020 were used. The results show that fluctuations in the industrial sector are caused by factors such as political conflicts and international problems in Iran and are strengthened by fluctuations in parallel markets such as oil, gold and currency. According to the results of the research, factors outside the stock market industry, due to the underdevelopment of the stock market in Iran, have a greater impact than in-company factors on instability of the stock market. From the point of view of the analyzes performed, the most important effect and factor causing fluctuations is the section of political tensions and international relations in Iran, which has uncontrollable effects on parallel markets in Iran and ultimately the effect of all of them is reflected in the stock market.

It is important to share demand information among the members in supply chains. In recent years, production and inventory systems with advance demand information (ADI) have been discussed, where advance demand information means the information of demand which the decision maker obtains before the corresponding actual demand arrives. Appropriate production and inventory control using demand information leads to the decrease of inventory and backlog costs. For a single stage system, the optimal base stock and release lead time have been discussed in the literature. In practical production systems the manufacturing system has multiple processes. The multiple stage production and inventory system with ADI, however, has been analyzed by simulation or assuming exponential processing time. That is, their theoretical analysis and optimization of release lead time and base stock level have little been obtained because of its difficulty. In this paper, theoretical analysis of a two-stage production inventory system with advance demand information is developed, where the processing time is assumed deterministic and identical; demand arrival process is Poisson, and an order base stock policy is adopted. Using the analytical results, optimal release lead time and optimal base stock levels for minimizing the average cost on the holding and backlog costs are explicitly derived.

In base stock policy, a new order is done immediately when a sale occurs. However, in modified base stock policy, doing a new order is delayed. In this paper, for the first time a two-echelon inventory system is studied which consists of one central storeroom and a number of identical, independent retailers which apply continuous review and modified base stock policy by imposing delay between placement of successive orders. Unsatisfied demands are backordered at the warehouse while become lost at the retailers. The performance of modified base stock policy is evaluated through simulation and its total cost is compared with that of standard base stock policy. Simulation show that in modified policy, while the delays before the new orders are the same, the total cost reduces much.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between the shareholder basic and the investment return volatilities of the industrial companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this study, one hundred companies active in the Tehran Stock Exchange which have had a relatively higher level of liquidity, were selected as a sample over a 6 year- period (2014-2019).  In this regard, a panel data regression model was used. َAccording to the existence of heteroscedasticity problem in the estimated results, the GLS method was used for estimating the model’s parameters.  Also, based on the iterative fixed effect test and Hausman test, the random effects model was preferable to the fixed effects model. Hence, a panel regression model was formulated by random effects. The results show that by increasing the number of the large shareholders of the industrial companies and their ownership percentage, two effects are created. The first effect is related to reducing the herding behavior of the large shareholders and subsequently related to reducing the return volatility level of the industrial companies. The second effect is related to the share price volatilities which have been arisen from the trading effects of the large shareholders. Also, by increasing the number of the large shareholders and their ownership percentage, gradually the impact of the trading market of the large shareholders on the companies return volatilities superior to the impact of the more informed shareholders.

Looking for financial markets development in developed countries and emerging markets, the different financial instruments have been introuduced to meet the wide and variety demand of investors. These instruments include a wide range of stocks, fixed income securities, derivatives contracts and a combination of them. In this regard, the stock deposit certificates as a financial engineering product, not only pleys as a financing Instrument in the capital markets, but according to the having the unique features, but increases the stock market efficiency by increasing stock liquidity. It also maintains the management control of major shareholders. Therefore regarding to the low liquidity of Iran stock market and lack of the companies willingness for financing through the issue of new shares (despite the serious need) due to loss of managerial control, in this paper we introduced the operating model of the stock deposit certificates that it was localized for Iran stock market. This instrument is considered as a new instrument in corporate financing (without loss of management control) and increase the efficiency of capital markets (through increased liquidity).